In verse 1a the writer refers to himself and to the addressees in the third person, but in verse 1bc he shifts to the first and second person. This was normal in the Greek but may be unacceptable in the receptor language, especially so when a verb is added in verse 1a. In such a case verse 1a can best be rendered in the first and second person, for example, ‘I, (who am) the elder, am writing to you (sing.), the elect lady, and to your children.’ The elder. For this term see the Introduction
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